Operations and Project management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

trading surgical operations and Project management - Assignment Examplecoca plant dummy is most popular and famous cushiony drink brand. Coca Cola has implemented several innovative and unique operational strategies. These strategies have compound the manufacturing, processing, and distribution. It is known to all that the organization has faced several problems regarding the quality of product, but they are trying to master the challenges by effective quality management of cold drink products. This essay will analyze the operation and project management activities of Coca Cola. Operations Performance The operation performance of Coca Cola is kind of significant and effective. Due to effective operational strategies the organization has become the leading player within the industry. Coca Cola has achieved several competitive advantages due to effective supply chain management strategies. Effective option utilization is the major strength of Coca Cola. Starting from the collec tion of raw materials to product obstetrical delivery, Coca Cola has implemented several advanced technologies in their business process (Liu, 2012, p.133). The organization follows decentralized manufacturing and product delivery process. It is known to all that Coca Cola has several manufacturing plants in the leading cities around the globe. Moreover, they have open up their warehouses near the manufacturing plants and distribution centres. ... The fuel efficient logistics trucks back up to reduce the emission level. Moreover, implementation of advanced technology helps Coca Cola to reduce the usage of energy in the business operation. Application of PDA process in the inventory management system helped the organization to keep the track of stocks in appropriate way. or so of the products of Coca Cola were facing various health and quality related issues. The government of several countries criminalize the manufacturing and foodstuffing of these products. It affected the business performance and brand image of Coca Cola. In order to whip these critical issues, the organization tried to improve the quality of cold drink products by reducing the coulomb footprint. The organization is trying to focus on the corporate social responsibility. They are trying to maintain nil solid waste by recycling the products. Moreover, effective water supply recycle strategy reduced the water consumption and energy consumption level of Coca Cola. Coca Cola organizes various environment awareness programmes in order to reduce the emission level (Epstein and Birchard, 2007, p.127). Sustainable packaging strategy will help Coca Cola to practice effective and sustainable business operation in global market place. Operations Strategy The organization uses almost 300 billion litres of water in a year. It helps them to change their supply chain resource for its different products. Effective and sustainable use of water helps the organization to affix its core competenc y in global market place. Climate change is one of the most strength environmental nemesiss that can affect the future generation. Therefore, in order to reduce this critical environmental threat the organization is trying to minimize the usage of energy (Hill and Jones, 2009,

Relationship between western European countries and others Essay

Relationship between western European countries and others - testify ExampleRelationship between western European countries and othersThe European countries, thus, looked down on china since they were at a better position in the industrialization sector, despite Chinas size, wealth and noble population. John Barrow, the writer of Travels in China contributed to how different writers and citizens of Western Europe thought about China. He make them view their country as superior, because, he reasoned that although in the past China was to a greater extent developed, the Western Europe in the 1800s had grown to be more industrialized and had asseverated more in technology. He emphasized that the education offered in Western Europe was of higher quality than in China because the Chinese did non learn algebra, Chemistry and geometry. The decline of the Qing dynasty, economic growth and Chinas flog by the western powers seemed to reinforce the thought that the country was better than China. The British realized that Chinas military had non developed during the opium war due to use of smoke and omit of expertise in using firearms. This led to a more degraded image of China. Although China had invented the com pathway, gunpowder and printers, it did not advance on these new inventions. Their lack of admitting that the Europe was more developed and therefore, declining to embrace the technological change, showed Chinas inability to embrace change.James Mill, a writer of the History of British India book influenced greatly how the western Europeans viewed the Indians. Basing his parentage on Scotsmann Grant views, he argued that the Indians were deficient in education, technology, science, civilization and medicine.2. He argued that although Indians had invented handcraft, there was little improvement made in improving their inventory2. Their poor learning systems did not involve teaching of sciences e.g. anatomy and their teachings in mathematics were not fit for any civilized person. There was belittlement of the Indians discoveries in the mining of iron ore. They describe the activity as negligible because it carried out on small scale. They considered it destructive and imperfectly done. There was ridicule on the cotton textiles the Indians produced. The character traits associated to them were dishonesty and morally decayed2. The collapse of the Mughal Empire emphasized these traits together with their lack of masculinity. Although Indians had built buildings similar to the Europeans, the Europeans still considered India barbaric and uncivilized due to lack of roads and pipes. However, this made them pass the lowest set social development stage by the Europeans. The Europeans called the Indians barbaric because of the medicine they took, which they said was not fit for the civilized. Mill created an impression that the Indians were unwise because they spent their time playing chess and hunting tigers unlike the Britons who spent th eir time and resources in trading and developing their empires. They had poor military weapons as compared to the British although the Europeans did not take into consideration that Indians adopted the Europeans training methods and arms. The thinking of the Western Europeans as better than the other countries made it gain more power and superiority in the world. Europeans based their superiority on how righteous a country was in terms of religion in the past, but this changed

Facebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Facebook - Essay ExampleAshley Watson lists Starbucks, Victorias Secret, Zara, McDonalds, H&M, Taco Bell, Subway, Lacoste, Hollister and Forever as the summit foregathering ten most liked retailers advertising on Facebook and claims they are selling themselves on the post as they discovered it as an innovative way of allowting themselves be known to consumers.The advertisers on Facebook generally let their products known on the networking site because of the number of people they can reach as friends of targeted consumers see what they are engaged with when they click on the like button below the pictures of advertisers (Stambor). In addition, Facebook advertising is cheaper on the bulge of the retailers while they are still able to reach more consumers with the help of their prospects free advertisements tot their friends. As mentioned earlier in the ads of Facebook, retailers are also able to interact with customers, telling them more about their products and answering questi ons which makes consumers appreciate or give suggestions to the retailers.Being the top among the ten retailers mentioned earlier, Starbucks gained its status with a well do Facebook page (Lee) where they communicate with their customers, updating them with new products, promotions and other pertinent information that engage their fans. One mention activity of the retailer is fully grown away free products when they print out invitations from their advertisement on the networking site which increased their production within the promotional period.Another retailer that took great advantage of the sites advertisement page is the controversial Taco Bell (Lee, Singer) with the lawsuit claiming its Taco fillings do not meet the standard requirement of the USDA to be labeled as beef, the retailer used Facebook to pacify consumers. It is giving away ten billion coupons to those who like them on Facebook which consequently entitles them for free Tacos and the more than five million foll owers of Taco Bell

American history Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American history - Research Paper Examples abolished more than one nose candy and fifty years ago, the legacy of thraldom continues to have important ramifications on the lives of African-Americans today. Accordingly, African-Americans have lower-life expectancies than their white counterparts and the elusive legacy of slavery has many ramifications. Seeking to understand the paradox of American liberty and a lurid legacy of slavery, Edmund S. Morgan does an excellent job highlighting an oft-ignored aspect of American history with ramifications on the lives of Americans today (see Williams and stick 2000 Morgan 3-13 ).Seeking to highlight the American history of slavery, Edmund S. Morgan demonstrates that while the United States evolved during the conceit of freedom and liberty from compound Britain, to a large extent Americans bought their independence with slave labor (3). Many of the founders paternally referred to as the Fathers of independency were slaveholders themselve s and their concept of freedom pertained only to a certain class of people. Most often, their notions of freedom were limited and excluded non-whites, women and those without property. Thus, this concept of freedom, so engrained in the American psyche and so much a part of the American historical narrative, was a limited sort of freedom which was inherently exclusionary and certainly not universal. Furthermore, when Thomas Jefferson, the world-renowned spokesperson for American freedom and liberty, discussed the abolition of slavery, he found it inconceivable that the freed slaves should be allowed to remain in the country.. (8).Exploring racial discrepancy in both England and the American colonies during the late period of British rule in the Americas, Morgan argues that the dual and polarizing concepts of slavery and freedom were both intertwined and interdependent, the rights of Englishmen supported on the wrongs of Africans...The American Revolution only made the contradiction s more

Inter-Recial Prejudice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inter-Recial Prejudice - Essay modellingImportant reflections of this definition are the words damage/ injury, judgment/ action and disregard. two damage and disregard may be considered as a result of the judgment passed by the someone practicing prejudice upon the person who is at the receiving end. Research in prejudice (Baron and Bryne, 208-209) shows that such judgments are passed on the can of bosss held and on the basis of the discrimination resulting from the stereotypes. Stereotypes are cognitive shortcuts that commonwealth use in order to categorise individuals on the basis of a few characteristics without paying attention to any another(prenominal) characteristics that may bed the particular individual from the group. The stereotypes in themselves are not cast out but may be associated with other negative thoughts about the categories, which are then applied to the particular individual without even ascertaining if the individual deserves to be categorized in t his manner. Moghaddam (in Schneider, Gruman and Coutts, 345) defines prejudice as an attitude based solely on group social rank. This definition underlines the fact that an individuals membership to a particular group is an heavy aspect of the way raft view them and could bias the attitudes of others if they hold stereotypes about the said group. Most types of group memberships are invisible to the outsider for example, training, education, occupation, and religion. Unless the individual divulges these facts, others are unable to classify him / her on the basis of these affiliations that the individual has. except membership to groups like gender and race are not invisible and come across as part of the individuals physical characteristics. Thus, it accommodates easy for others to classify an individual on the basis of these factors. When people from different racial background interact, often the first information they share with each other in the beginning they even initiate contact is the information supplied by their physical appearance. If an individual holds a negative stereotype against a particular race he / she is likely to notion prejudiced against individuals from that racial background. This prejudice would be experienced even before there is any communication and it is likely that due to the pre-existing prejudice, this individual short-changes the other simply due to their racial background (Sears, Peplau, Freedman and Taylor, 417). Baron and Bryne (207) describe another important aspect of why people experience prejudice social categorization. They describe how people tend to categorize others on the basis of the extent to which they feel similar to those individuals. Persons who are perceived as similar become part of the in-group, and those who seem different become part of the out group. People also typically feel more favorable towards members of an in-group then towards members of an out-group. This is because people like to feel go od about themselves and their group memberships and thereof tend to highlight not just the positive aspects of their individual selves, but those of others they feel similar to. For the aforementioned(prenominal) reason, they play down the negative aspects of their own and similar others behaviors. On the other hand, people tend to inflate the weaknesses of dissimilar others, and play down the positive aspects of their behavior. This leads to the Fundamental attribution error a fallacy where people attribute positive causes to personal behavior (and as a consequence the behavior of similar others) and negative causes to behaviors of dissimilar others. Although the reason why humans prefer to categorize people into in-groups and out-groups is not properly unsounded it is a tendency that is found in all people

Economics, Goods and Services, Firms, Production, Supply and Demand Essay

Economics, Goods and Services, Firms, Production, impart and Demand - Essay ExampleThe stress shall focus on how honourables and proceedss supply and demand is influenced by consumers, how the changing need and wants of consumer argon met and how the antithetic types of resources ar used by firms for the production of goods and services. A commercialize is a place where buyers and sellers meet in order to exchange goods and services. Market structure is comprised of buyers, sellers, buyer and seller entry barriers, size of the firm, product variediation, market share and competition. With the above characteristics, one is able to determine where a particular firm is classified. Some examples of market structure are Monopoly-here, companies are owned by the state, and other partner entry is not allowed. Oligopoly-here, the topic of buyers is high than the number of sellers, thus competition is high. Monopolistic competition-here in that location is m some(prenominal) buyer s and many sellers for same products, different branding and very high competition. Perfect competition-an example is between food bought in the stores and those from the market. The following are other market definitions Economics is concerned with production, allocation and utilization of goods and services. Economics support be separate into microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics deals with firms, buyers, and markets. Macroeconomics deals with growth, inflation and policies that affect economy (Wessels, 16, 2006). Consumers are those who benefit from goods and services. They are the users of produced products (Houghton, 20, 2009). Goods are useful items that are require and useful to item-by-items to satisfy their needs or wants. They can also be classified as tangible, since they can be touched unlike services, and can be stored for the future (Houghton, 15, 2009).There are three types low goods, which decrease in demand as consumer income increases normal goods, which demand increase as consumer income increases and luxury goods, which are non essential and are mostly considered an influence. Services are intangible, cannot be stored and are an activity that is done to an individual from another. Services are the other alternatives to goods. Services are done in order to provide athletic supporter or as a profession (Houghton, 15, 2009). Firms are organizations that deal with goods and services and their production to cater for the needs and wants of consumers. Firms can be businesses, corporations, or partnerships that have the main aim of producing goods and services for consumption (Rugraff & Hansen, 119, 2011). Production is the motion of manufacturing goods from raw materials. Production is transforming raw materials that in their natural form do not have any benefits to consumers. After processing these raw materials, the products that come out can be used by consumers (Menger, Klein, Hayek, Dingwall & Hoselitz, 161, 2007). Supply is the distribution of goods and services to consumers. Supply is influenced by the demand for goods and services (Adil, 4, 2006). Demand is the desire for a trustworthy good or service by a consumer(s) who is willing to buy the good or service at a certain set price. Factors that influence demand are like price of the good and other related goods (substitute), and also the price of the good and other goods (complementary) (Adil, 5, 2006). Resources are the sources that products are extracted from. In economics, there are four main types of resources namely land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship (Mankiw, 538, 2011).

Business law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Business law - Case Study ExampleThe respondents was one of the growers who filed a interpreter suit claiming breach of clause 7.4 contract and sought damages arising out that breach. The Court of first type heard the case in two separate hearings. The first one dealt particularly with the radiation pattern of formula as applied to the disputed clause but also extended in the bit hearing. The figure held that the clause meant pass to growers first priority in growing chicks in sense of taste to third parties. The second part of hearing specifically dealt with breach and the implied term of the contract by interpreting the clause on reasonable and equitable grounds. The Judge held in favour of the growers that there was breach of the clause and that the growers had the capacity to do so, hence the appeal. The Court of appeal reversed that judgment stating that the word capacity related to the appellants business growth and not capacity to rear chicken. It gave wide discretion to the appellants to contract third parties. new(prenominal) standard clauses of the contract touching the case at hand included but not particular(a) to the general clause 2, giving an over view that the growers were to provide sealable birds from any farm location correct to be picked and processed by the appellants. It also defined the payment terms. Clause 5 dealt with appellants delivering chicks to growers in unspecified quantity but the growers had to be notified of that delivery upon picking. The appellants remained the owner of the birds. Clause 7 set out the primeval obligations of the appellants including providing assistance for extra purge capacity to growers equitably. Clause 8 stated the obligations of the growers such as retentiveness the shed in minimum standard conditions of not less than $40 per square meter of shed floor space and allowing access to that shed by appellants. Clause 12 dealt with the manner of collection of birds from the immobile by the app ellants. Clause 14 was on payments and notifying the growers about it upon collection of birds. Clause 20 was on the basketball team years duration of the contract including termination of the contract if the processing plant was closed. Clause 25 provided for certain amendment of the contract in writing. and all the above accounts for the case at hand. Case law governing the rule of Construction (b) This is predominantly based on clause 7.4 which according to the Court of first instance gave preference to growers as the first people to be offered the opportunity of rearing more chicken unless they are ineffectual to do so. In other words, the appellant were in breach of this fundamental condition by offering such opportunity to third parties at the detriment of growers. However, the appellate Court differed from the above ratio decidendi stating that Jagot, J did not establish whether the growers had capacity to rear more chicks at the time, the appellants were allocating the chi cks to third parties. Their Lordships made reference to the neutral principle enunciated in the case of Pacific Carriers Ltd v BNP Pariba1 to the extent that Court must catch out the intention of parties by subjecting the clause to the test of a reasonable man in ordinary and distinct interpretation.2 That in doing so the Court should not rewrite the clause for that would be interfering with the freedom of contract3 hence causing injustice as upheld in

Forum 5 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Forum 5 - Research newspaper publisher Examplemost effective of what is commonly known as business to customer communications which effectively influences consumers to an organization or its brand products due to its dual way communication (Bowie and Buttle, 2012, n.p.).The customer communication causal agent is particularly effective because of its personalized approach that focuses on individual consumers. It similarly has a number of efficiencies that hasten communication between businesses and their consumers towards capturing consumers attention and influencing them into preferring an organization and its products. The low cost of email communication as considerably as its speed in communication for example allows organizations to respond to consumers enquiries in a faster and low-cost way, communicating the organizations efficiency and the value it puts on consumers (Masterman and Wood, 2006). Application of emails also promotes consumers confidence in an organization and its products due to a continued contact even after purchase (Turner and Weickgenannt, 2008).The associated advantages and efficiencies of emails therefore let on it as a successful way of putting an organizations name in seem of current customers and potential customers. This is, further, because the approach induces confidence among the

Business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 2

Business strategy - Essay ExampleThe report also includes intervention on the basis and sustainability of Zaras competitive advantage in the global market followed by recommendations of a few strategic options for future sustainability and success.For centuries, clothing has remained an important aspect of human society. Even from the Stone epoch until today, humans continued to use different materials to arrange clothing for themselves. In addition, as the years passed by and the human race evolved, affection towards clothing turned into a separate textile and fashion business line that has now become a multibillion dollar industry with hundreds of organisations catering millions of people every day.In center of such a competition, a few organisations have been roaring in acquiring their brand soma and having a name in the textile and clothing industry. Zara (Inditex, 2011) is one of such clothing brands that although founded only 4 decades ago however, it has been able to d ominate the clothing and fashion industry not only in its insertion country Spain but also all over the world. Particularly, Inditex is the main company that owns the Zara brand along with different other brands, such as Bershka, Pull & Bear, Oysho, (Inditex, 2013) and recently, Zara Home with approximately eighteen hundred outlets in more(prenominal) than eighty-five countries (Inditex, 2015) that indicate the extent of success that Zara and mainly, Inditex has achieved in the industry. As result, Zara has often come under compend for the purpose of studying successful companies and to understand strategies that the company employed since 1975, which has enabled it to become one of the most successful companies in the world. This report is also an attempt to analyse external and internal aspects of Zara along with evaluating companys response to various challenges that it has confronted during all these years. Particularly, the report pull up stakes focus on strategic managemen t (David, 2013) of the company, and will

The Sikh Temple Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Sikh Temple - Case Study ExampleThose who believe in that philosophy join together and a religion is born. Those believers congregate in one place to reinforce their faith and thus places of worship uprise into existence. It is a long drawn progression whence a religion becomes a reality. It is an ongoing and regular process that never has an end. The problem starts when places of worship become displays of religious supremacy. The impo tattle constructions and their special signature be nothing new at places of worship. History is replete with many such edifices to honor conquests and subjugation of their subjects. some victories have been dedicated to some gods and impressive temples built to commemorate the victories.What is a Gurdwara The word Guru is made up of two words- GU meaning DARK and RU meaning LIGHT. The word Guru means from darkness to crystallize or from ignorance to enlightenment. The one who enlightens is called GURU. Among the Sikhs the title guru was give n to the 10 leaders of the community from Nanak (1469-1539), the founder to Govind Singh (1666-1708) the tenth and subsist Guru. During the times of the early Gurus, Sikh places of worship were referred to as dharamsalas. They were places where Sikhs could gather to hear the Guru speak or sing hymns. As the Sikh population grew, Guru Hargobind the sixth Guru introduced the word Gurdwara, meaning the gateway through which the Guru could be reached. thereafter all Sikh places of worship came to be known as Gurdwaras. Govind Singh, in 1708, ended the succession air travel of personal Gurus and installed the sacred book of Guru Granth Sahib as his eternal successor. Guru Granth Sahib was compiled by Guru Arjan Dev, the fifth Sikh Guru in 1604. It is a compilation of the actual words spoken by the Sikh Gurus and various other Saints from other religions including Hinduism and Islam.The compass of San Jose GurdwaraSikh Gurdwara - San Jose, was founded in the semi-evergreen district of San Jose, California, USA in 1985 by leaders of the then-rapidly growing Santa Clara valley Sikh community. Initially they congregated in a rented East Bay Community Center. In 1986 they bought a puny building on White Road in East San Jose and later added some coterminousby land. curtly they realized that it would be too expensive to build a Gurdwara of their requirements in the city limits, so they exchange that land and in 1996 the Gurdwara Committee under the tutelage of Bob (Bhupinder) Singh Dhillon bought 40 Acres of land near East San Jose Foothills in Evergreen District. The first phase of the project of approximately 20,000 unbowed feet built-up area was finish in August 2004 at a cost of 10 million dollars. With an estimated investment of another 10 million dollars in the second phase the completed Gurdwara will have over 90,000 square feet built-up area, lodging all the essential features of a Gurdwara. The Fremonts temple in the Bay area, built in 1991 at a cost of 1.8 million dollars is, at present, the nations largest. With its completion San Jose Gurdwara will overtake the Fremont temple in size.The ControversyThe 90,000 square feet structure sparked controversy when Sikhs first unveiled their aspiration. Ironically, beauty of the site is the chief cause for concern among Evergreen residents many of them believe the temple may become a tourists attraction, causing traffic problems

International Business and Trade. WTO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Business and championship. WTO - Essay ExampleThe widest application of the protectionist movement is in the incubation of new industries which by themselves cannot survive the harsh realities if the competitive foodstuff, the idea being the protection leave be withdrawn once the company is established (Iowa State university, n.d.).This concept is however extended in modern times and as captured by the events of the case study evolved to be proactive rather than reactive, where we ascertain that the European Countries, namely France, Germany, Spain and Great Britain formed an alliance whose sole purpose was to gather enough expectant to birth and sustain an aircraft manufacturing business with enough resources to effectively compete with the hitherto world monopoly of US base Boeing, the result of which was the birth of Airbus (Holmes, 2004). Given its current market strength, Boeing was enjoying vast economies of scale thusly posing a significant barrier to entr y to any interested private firm, and in the absence of competitive forces, intemperate more in research and development rather than marketing, and thus when they interfered with this monopoly power, the European governments eroded Boeings potential returns from its investment, thus interfering with the market mechanism, and hence the first issue/conflict of the study.The second issue has to do with the governments sustentation of private enterprise, especially as it relates to the struggle that exists between one side trying to eliminate bit the other struggles to sustain a major world monopoly. As mentioned above the aircraft industry is extensively peachy intensive, and whatever labour is involved is highly skilled and specialized, as evidenced by the investments in question and Development by both sides of the conflict presented in the study. The world authority on trade, the World Trade Organization clearly prohibits the support of private enterprise by governments and oth er public entities.Differences in price of reference is also a major issue that has been highlighted in the case study. The Americans do not run into the massive government contracts that were awarded to Boeing as any form of government support, that is they argue that they did not interfere with the market but rather only participated in it, in a willing buyer willing seller fashion. This is of course in sharp contrast with the Europeans initial direct capital investment into Airbus, let whole the continuing capital inflows into the company for continuing research and development in the form of very well-heeled loans. The effect of governments activities on both sides is basically the same, essentially to strengthen the respective aircraft manufacturers, therefore the argument lies in channels through which support was availed, rather than whether it was actually availed or not.The relation of the above activities to protectionism is where we find on one side a government being the largest and most lucrative domestic customer to the company, thereby not only preventing any foreign competition in the domestic market, but also propulsive it into world dominance (fulfilling the mercantilist view of what protectionism is all about) and preventing other foreign nations from producing the same product and

English Church Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

English church Schools - Essay ExampleThis change had been taking place, not only in Britain, yet withal in other European countries.As minorities got stronger, they started voicing their demands and insecurities. government slowly realised that education for the children had been stagnant without taking into consideration the need to substitute it. It too decided in the last three decades education had not been modernised. In Britain, as henry VIII rebelled against the authority of the Pope, monarchs become the Head of the Religious faith. Britain, after Henry VIII incident, had its own Church and other connected institutions. After the Second World War, Britain had evolved into a multi-lingual and multi-cultural society, with many voices, demands, languages, cultures and religions. People from erstwhile colonies fork over made Britain their home, along with other asylum seekers and quite naturally, they all permit become part of Britain now. Government had to protect their needs and requirements too. This led to a more coherent government policy and church schools bedevil been asked to accommodate students of other faiths, and with effective guidance from cultural leaders, they take over to reduce their Christian outlook to a large extent and teach children about other cultures. They have realised that they have to modernise their outlooks with the changes brought by the changing times. They be neither vehement about Christianity, nor reluctant to change. Till recently, we can say that aught much has been done in this direction, even though this is a very important element of a welfare state. One important target of active states is the school institution and its influence over how children are accessibleized. Since the Reformation, civic leaders have made grand claims about the magical effects of mass development and the secular states power to expand it. But only in the past decade has research mature on both the causes and economic conseque nces of school expansion, (Fuller and Rubinson, 1992, p.1). Church schools might not sound and look standardized the best places to accommodate alien cultures. The stereotype and traditional church schools of olden days would never have taught anything other than Christianity. Fortunately, today, religious institutions are changing according to the time and requirements. Hence, most of these schools are accommodating the multi-cultural and multi-faith demands of British society. Even though they are still being called as Church Schools, run by the societies and funds be to the Church of England mainly, their function and focus has enormously shifted in recent years. Even Churches have accepted that Christianity is not the only religion in United Kingdom. They are not only providing multi-culture based education today, but also they are welcoming students from other cultures to join the schools without any discrimination in admission. They are also trying to know more about diverse cultures, so that they could be right in their approach. It is also important to recognize the extent to which changes in education policy are influenced by larger social and economic developments. The analysis draws us back clearly to political questions as lying at the shopping centre of education policy, which is, after all, about the choices that governments made, (Levin, 2001, p.18). Church schools, which were considered to be stuffy at one point of time, have changed so much in their approach, that it is not at all difficult for them to provide

Responsible tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Responsible tourism - Essay ExampleHowever, the honey oil has untapped natural resources such as rivers, rocks, lava flow and dust-elephants. All of these can be utilized to draw streams of revenues for the survival and growth of the region. Literature on responsible tourism suggests that poverty everyeviation is possible if all the stakeholders work in cooperation to achieved the defined goals. However, this requires all the stakeholders to accept and discharge responsibility. Through a case regard analysis it has been identified that the locals play a critical role in the sustainable development of whatever region. Motivating the locals becomes a major issue which can be shouldered by the NGOs. The tourists, the hotel operators and the tour operators, to each one have responsibility towards sustainable development. ... km. It is nine times bigger than the Maasai Mara National Reserve (Expert Africa, n.d.). The green lies to the east of the Nairobi Mombasa road, equidistant be tween Nairobi and Mombasa, amidst flora and fauna, and the meandering Galana River (Kenya Wildlife Service, 2013). The Tsavo river flows west to east through and through the national park, it borders the Chyulu Hills National Park and the Mkomazi Game Reserve in Tanzania. The climate here is warm and dry. The Tsavo eastern National Park was once home to 35,000 elephants, reduced 4,300 by 1988 due to poaching from Somalia (Joshua, 1993). However, under impel from conservationists and western donors, and under new leadership, corruption was cleaned up and there was ban on trading in ivory. Investments were brought in which facilitated the growth of herds tourism too picked up as infrastructure was enhanced. The elephant population in the wide Tsavo ecosystem as of 2011 was 12,570 (McKnight, n.d.). The biggest draw of the Park is the herds of dust-red elephants that bulldoze their way around. Visitors to the park can watch wildlife under a huge sky and experience the wilderness in s olitude (Expert Africa, n.d.). In addition, is the Aruba Dam, located on the due north Bank of the Voi River, which makes a great game viewing destination. Other attractions include Mudanda Rock, the longest lava flow in the world and Lugard falls. The Park houses the largest mammals, Rhinos, buffaloes, lions, leopards, hippo, crocodile, Gerenuk and Hirola (Kenya Wildlife Service, 2013). 1.2 Aim of this report The aims of this report are as follows To evaluate the archetype of responsibility and sustainability in tourism To analyse a case study in terms of sustainable and responsible tourism To establish an appropriate

The effect on Taiwanese youths caused by mobile and computer games Essay

The effect on Taiwanese youths caused by unstable and computer games - shew Examplet generation will be more interested in Television than in their p atomic number 18nts, some preferring the sitting to watch TV rather than interact with other family members. The institution of family dinner has been amenable for strengthening the family, and research has proven that youths who frequently sat through one are less belike to be inclined towards decadent behavior such as violence and drug abuse. Today, these times turn over been relegated in of importance and family diners are hurried affairs with members in a rush to go approve to their digital world. The bonds uniting family stimulate been considerably weekend since people seem to prefer to spend times online than with their families (Small). Technology poses a myriad of ill effects for children the list is extensive from childhood obesity, computer colony to stunted social skills. Many parents use the TV to baby sit young chi ldren, while others grease ones palms their teens, pre-teen children laptops, and smart phones, with virtually unlimited access to the worldwide web, failing to consider the risks. Spending too untold time watching TV can and has turned many children into couch potatoes, as a result, they barely leave the house to play ergo get no exercise. Inevitably, obesity and other complications and this may slit the child for life not to mention making them venerable to conditions like diabetes this is in addition to wretched academic performance (Jussof 152). Teens engage in social networking and some of them become fully addicted to their mobile phones, and laptops this is often detrimental to their social skill and ability to interact face to face. Having computers in their rooms allows them unclouded access to normally restricted material such as extreme violence or sexy content, this motivates children to attempt what they... The effect on Taiwanese youths caused by mobile and comp uter gamesThis essay if focused on the effects of engine room on the human brain with the view of proving that too much dependence on technology denies the brain a the benefits it gets from a social interaction especially with family.Millions have been laid rack up to make room for machines, Social skills have deteriorated thanks to addiction to social network especially among the youths and parents cannot be sure their children are safe from cyber stalkers. New crimes have emerged, given way by technology, and old ones have improved as criminals use technology to commit them and avoid detention. This paper will contest that technology despite the many advantages poses a host of problems both overt and covert to an individual, society family and even children who are too young to manage its vast capabilities. There is no denying that technology through communication and caboodle media information can move around the world in real time, and one learns the news in a different count ry at the same time as the residents. Cooking has never been easier with microwaves and electric cookers and travelling never aster more effect or comfortable because of developments in the transport. The internet has revolutionized and enhanced nigh every aspect of communication, which is vital in shaping human destiny (McFarlane 2). In this article, the writer discusses the controvert impacts of global warming from a retrospective and futuristic perspective. He also mentions the various action seek by world leader to mitigate it.

Unit 5 DB - Regression Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

unit 5 DB - Regression Analysis - Essay ExampleLinear lapsing is the type of regression which identifies the relationship of two significant variables (dependent and independent) (Seber & Lee, 2012). For example the analyst would try to relate the haziness of aircrafts nut (dependent variable) with ice deposits (independent variable). Linear regression signifies the direct relationship between two such variables (Weisberg, 2005).The following comparison represents the regression equation, where Y is the dependent variable which is dependent on X independent variables, a is the beleaguer while b denotes slope of the line X (Hoffmann, 2005).In the section of criminal justice, the analysts often give multiple analytical tools to make better judgments and decisions on the field. Regression is one tool which criminologists often carry out to identify relationships between two adjacent variables like crime conviction or criminals behaviors. Analysts use regression coefficients to id entify which strategy is more effective than the other on crime moderate section. According to one report of Federal government, a number of researchers came out from University of Nebraska in the course of study 1990, who utilized regression analytic thinking tool to assess the influence of investment on crime rates. The analysis identified the relationship between two variables by identification of correlation coefficients and linear equation, which are fundamentally deterministic by linear regression analysis tool. This came out to be a sufficient tool of correlation analysis which later on got applied in the criminal justice section. Still today some(prenominal) criminologists use linear regression model to identify the relationship of two significant variables (Weisburd & Britt, 2007, p.

Implementing MBO System in a Burger King Franchise Essay

Implementing MBO System in a Burger King Franchise - Essay ExampleThe Burger King franchise in Maine has one owner, with 4 permanent staff and 28 part-time employees. The four permanent staff members are assistant managers, 2 of who are in the kitchen and two who are on the floor. Employees field in two stir ups, each shift has a kitchen and a floor manager with fourteen part-time employees as cooks and waiters. Staff turnover is as a great deal as 7 a year and may be contributed to working hours and/or work conditions.When looking at the income statement it is clear that shekels is directly linked to sales, minus liabilities. Now depression looking at sales and taking into consideration that this is a fast food patronage, we know for accredited the lucre go away depend on the amount of sales, and to sell we need customers. This the first key business line aspiration must be customer satisfaction. Taking our customer into account, we need to find out what will satisfy t heir needs and make them come back for more, and being in the fast food business with a drive through, we know that speed of food delivery is important. Next customers like to have a choice and as Burger Kings strategic statement implies Have it your way, it is important to cater for customers choice. Furthermore customers ceaselessly appreciate a warm and friendly service from staff, which is one reason they will return. So our first goal of insuring customer satisfaction could be realised by objectives such as reduced opposite time, offering the customer a wide verity of food, delivered in a warm and friendly manner. node satisfaction can then be measured by the retention and hopefully increase of customers mean(a) by the end of 2006, against past data.Next we need to look at liabilities which also impact the profit margin of the business. Liabilities are expenses that are paid out of the net income of the business and if it can be reduced, the profit margin will be increased accordingly. It must also be realised that expenses such as advertising and promotion if implemented correctly, if increased could result in an increase in sales. Food make up including packaging, is the stock that has to be bought and maintained to ensure the ability of the business to deliver a product to its customers continuously. Is it manageable to reduce these costs Yes, by looking at alternative cheaper packaging expenses could be reduced. Then how much wastage takes place during preparation of the food, or during wrong orders. Just by cutting out wastage and through dampen food ordering and preparation processes food cost could be reduced by at to the lowest degree 5 percent. Improving these processes may also reduce the amount of staff that are needed before long and could result in reducing staff, in turn reducing wage expenses. Our second key goal is this to reduce expenses, and this we can achieve by setting a moderate target of reducing expenses by at

Views of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau Essay Example for Free

Views of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau EssayThomas Hobbes, magic Locke and Jean-Racques Rosseau were philosophers who tack together upd their belief of gay tempera handst and how we should govern mankind. Although Rousseau was born a dissimilar time than Hobbes and Locke, they both had a very strong influence on the panache governments should function. They created a revolutionary idea of the introduce of nature, the way men were before a government came into play. Each philosopher developed guidelines and responsibilities that the government is obliged to.Although proposing different views and ideas, they all contri justed significant ideas to family. Thomas Hobbes, Jock Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau all differed on their views of government. Thomas Hobbes described the state of nature for man is nasty, brutish and short. In order to escape this, people must bless up license to receive peace and order by the protection of the government. Hobbes believed in an abso lute monarchy. Order could only be established with a ruler holding absolute power.The state was there to prevent people from contend and killing each other. His structure of a government was to prevent chaos and violence. Just like Hobbes, commode Locke believed there was a need to establish order however, he saw a different way to achieve this. He had a more optimistic perspective on human kind. People should give up some rights to attain protection, like Hobbes outlook of the social contract, but if the government does not gather its duty, the people must change it. Rebellion was only justified if the ruler lost the consent of his people.Hobbes believed that it was neer justified. John Locke believed in any type of representative government such as a republic, constituent(a) monarchy or democracy. Jean-Jacques Rousseau had been considered by some the prophet of democracy. Rousseau believed in the worldwide Will, the decision of the majority, because what is trump out for a ll is best for an individual. He said people enslaved in the law. All rights of people are given up to the world-wide Will in order to be incorporated through and through the legislature.The state is there to enact the General Will. Society embarked on with the state of nature. The English Civil War was influential to Hobbes and Locke. It made Locke object violence. Hobbes believed that to put an end to the war, an absolute monarchy must be established. Rousseau was influenced by emotion and not reason. This was the origin of Romanticism. The three philosophers fantasy of the state of nature was contrasting in terms of things like property and freedom. Hobbes believed that man was essentially evil, unspeakable and corrupt.His view of depravity of human nature was influenced by the English Revolution. He believed that cosmos would constantly fence if left alone, especially over property which was a limited source that was competed for. Thomas Hobbes essentially believed that huma ns were not good and order was established by depriving humans of their rights and freedom. According to Hobbes, state of nature was state of war. John Locke believed people were born with a blank slate or mind and their surroundings and surroundings made them good or evil.Like Rousseau, Locke believes that people are equal, not in ability but in rights. People are born entitled to natural rights, life liberty and property. He stated, existence is born free, and everywhere is in chains was said by Rousseau. He also thought that men were born free and are good and that it is corporation that is corrupt. In order to accomplish this objective, society must eliminate all titles. His understanding was that the title of nobility should be abolished. Noble savage was a fancy he admired very much. Humans are just like any other animal.These philosophers concord that things must be sacrificed to advance society. Despite their differences, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau could all comply that Government should not be through the Church. This contradicted the concept of Divine Right, which is the belief that a monarch received their power only from God. To determine what society should be, a clean slate was needed which included freedom of religion. Thomas Hobbes believes that the state must be only one religion in order to be united. John Locke declares that the state should have religious toleration.Rousseau does not repudiate God but is disgusted with religion, especially Christianity. Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau all acknowledge that before men were to govern, we lived in a state of nature. They all constructed their own adaptation of what a government should be and how society should work. All of them recognize that the government should not be through the church and differ on human nature and the form of government. Their ideas were inspiring and spread to many places constructing new governments. Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau were revolutionary.

Women in Psychology Essay Example for Free

Women in Psychology EssayModern Psychology has been formed mainly by men during the 19th and 20th century, men like Wilhelm Wundt, Henri Bergson, and Sigmund Freud, major philosophers of the era include Franz Gall, Francis Galton, and William James. During these times women were not taken seriously in psychological science it took strong, pioneering women, such as Margaret Floy Washburn, Karen Horney, bloody shame Calkins, and Mary Cover Jones to tide over the gap in this male- dominated field of science.Mary Cover Jones looked at what others had studied, and rethought how to make the science mitigate she is known as the Mother of Behavior Therapy (Nevid Pastva, 2011, p. ), and contri exclusivelyions to psychology. Mary Cover Jones background Mary Cover was innate(p) in Johnstown Pennsylvania, in 1897. Always wanting knowledge she go to Vassar College, graduating in 1919. Mary took every psychology course offered with the exception of one. Mary Floy Washburns senior seminar in psychology do to Washburn disallowing Mary because of a middle of the road grade received in a laboratory course her sophomore division (Mary Cover Jones (1897-1987), n. d. ).After graduating from Vassar, Mary Cover began her graduate pass at Columbia University and received her defeats degree in the summer of 1920. While attending Columbia she met and married Harold Jones a chum graduate and who the Harold E. Jones Children Study Center at Berkley University is named after. In 1923 Mary Cover Jones was appointed Associate in Psychological Research at the Institute of Education Research, Columbia University College Teachers College (Mary Cover Jones (1897-1987), n. d. ).Here is where she started her most storied study of putz and his fear of furry animals. Peter and the cony In 1920, Mary Cover Jones attended a lecture given by John B. Watson on a child named Albert who was conditioned to be afraid of anything with fur due to scaring Albert with loud sounds whenever the in fant reached for a white rat. While listing to the magnetized Watson, Mary wondered if Watsons learning approach could be used to remove children fears (Nevid Pastva, 2011, p. 1). In 1924 Mary was introduced to Peter, a three-year-old that had a natural fear of furry animals.Adapting from Dr. Watsons study Mary observed Peter at play in his crib, introduced a white rabbit and noticed Peter cry and flail until the rabbit was removed. Throughout her study Mary tried to introduce things Peter liked along with the rabbit to enchant if she could condition Peter into embracing the rabbit instead of afraid. With the other stimuli, (food) being added as the rabbit was introduced into Peters space Mary was able to bring the rabbit closer and closer until the rabbit sit on Peters lap as he ate.This counterconditioning of Peters fear not only removed his fear of Rabbits but also other fears such as, cotton, a fur coat, and Feathers (Nevid Pastva, 2011, p. 1). Contributions to psychology Pe ter may have been what Mary Cover Jones was most famous for, but she did much more for psychology among those are on how first and late maturation in adolescence effect personality, personality antecedents of drinking problems (Logan, 1980, 103).Mary was instrumental in her husband, Harold E.Jones, innovation of the institute for Child Welfare at the University of California, Berkley. Mary became involved with the Oakland Growth Study where she followed a concourse of 200 fifth and sixth grade students from puberty to adolescences. Several follow-up studies have been done on these children as they entered adulthood. Mary Cover jones became a full professor in 1959 and in 1960 she served as hot seat of the Division of Developmental Psychology of the American Psychological Association. That same year her husband passed away of a heart attack (Rutherford, n. . ).Conclusion Mary Cover Jones study of Peter challenged the predominate belief at the time that treatment of the underlying psychological conflicts rather than overt behavior is necessary to accomplish change. Her work proved that behavior can be changed through therapy and regardless of where a fear roots radical from, positive results can be achieved. Mary Cover Jones lived to be 91, and according to her sister her last quarrel were I am still learning about what is important in life (Rutherford, n. d. ).

Study Skills and Infomation Literacy for Students Essay Example for Free

Study Skills and Infomation Literacy for Students EssayExcellent study skills and reading literacy are essential for the successful means of education in every students life. Nowadays, students face more ch all in allenges in their daily confinements and barter due to the accelerating progress of information, communication and technology. They have step their feet into the z cardinal of competition among others to obtain outstanding pass onments in each thing they perform. So, how are they going to delay if they could acquire these meets and criteria to express themselves as great achievers? wherefore, it is all- meaning(a)(a) for them to adapt and practice these study skills and information literacy in their life. Study skills are the abilities and approaches applied to acquire. They are in the main critical to success in school, are considered essential for acquiring good grades, and are useful for nurture throughout virtuosos life. Besides, they are very basic tech niques for learning relatively unsophisticated materials. Study skills can be developed to improve a learners capacity to learn.If we learn how to study effectively, how to find information that we need, how to read and understand what we read, how to memorize things, and how to plan ahead for tests, then we volition not only postulate better grades, but go forth too learn more easily. Good study skills can answerer us learn good discipline skills which volition help us in our life later school as well. Without good study skills, a student cannot succeed. To succeed, students must be suitable to appropriately assimilate hightail it content, digest it, reflect on it, and be able to articulate that information is in written or in oral form.Many people looking the hours of study are the around important. However, students can study for hours and in the end retain very little. Besides, study skills are significant to bring up a passion for what students wish to do. Passion is critical and leads to an intense inte relaxation method, dedication, and commitment to achieve career, goals and objectives. They excessively feel comfortable and easy going when their snip is managed properly. Essentially having well developed study skills volition help them be have it off more confident, effective, productive and intelligent in both of their personal and professional lives.These skills are the bushel foundation of a good education. Good study skills will save their age and by that tokenish they tend to have more time to pass along with friends or doing other activities such as sports or service projects. Moreover, these will result in less sieve because given any topic they will know how to approach learning the material. Likewise, information literacy too plays an important role in students success in learning. study literacy is the ability to mensurate the credibility of information and to use information properly.We rank what information is need ed, understand how the information is organized, identify the best sources of information for a given need, locate those sources, evaluate the sources critically, and share that information. It is the knowledge that commonly used in research techniques. Why information literacy is crucial? Information literacy is critically important because we are surrounded by a growing ocean of information in all formats. Not all information is created equal some is authoritative, current, reliable, but some is biased, out of date, jerry-built and false.The amount of information available is going to bind increasing. The types of technology used to access, manipulate, and create information will consequently expand. People are information literate who know when they need information, and are then able to identify, locate, evaluate, organize and effectively use the information to address and re go personal, job-related or broad social issues and problems, (adopted by the 2003 UNESCO meeting in P rague). Information literacy provides an opportunity for people to acquire knowledge and provides motivation to them to pursue learning throughout their lives.Therefore, it is a mean of personal ap blotment. In addition, in order to perform their roles and responsibilities, individuals need variant types of information inputs. Information is, in fact, our some precious resource. In such a world, education should empower everyone, not the few. and for information to become knowledge, and ultimately, one hopes, wisdom, it must be organized. In this new climate, the earthly concern interest challenge, beyond access and equity is sorting and selection (Boyer, 1997, p. 140).We are outfitting our schools, libraries, and homes with electronic technologies. But are we reparing students for the onslaught of information that is provided by these technologies. What happens when students swallow more information from the internet and than previously conveyed by their instructors or textb ooks? What should a student do when faced with so many informational possibilities? This is where information literacy establishes its important thus, they need to understand and differentiate surrounded by types of information. They must define the need of the information and relating it to knowledge. These are all the implementation of information literacy which benefits students during their study time.Furthermore, they will not be panic once get an big supply of information, because they are already exposed to the method on how to manage such information. Hence, they will solve the particularised problem regarding that matter with a suitable solution without any distractions and pressure. To articulate more on our study skills topic, one of the most important skill is the time management. Time should be well managed, forrader, during and also after completing a task. Usually, before starting my task, I will divide it into several parts. This is to witness that I do not feel bored or stressed.For example, recently my English language teacher asked me to come up with a simple newsletter and the duration given to complete and submit this task is one week. So number 1, I selected the title. Then, I divided the newsletter into cover page, content, realization, introduction, essays, articles, ending, reflection and reference. I rectify my time to wind up these things, such on the for the first time day I completed the cover page, acknowledgement and introduction. Next day, I took my initiative to find materials hence, finished the essays and the articles and so on for coming two days. aft(prenominal) that, I did the last parts of the newsletter.By taking these steps to complete it, I did benefit a lot because when I go by a specific time to do it, that means I will put my full effort to find the materials, do the draft and type it by the day itself. These visualise that, the duty solidifying to be finished does not get postponed. Besides, I would n ot undergo stress and face difficulties during doing it, because I have already divided the tasks so, each has its own time put to be through with(p). Therefore, after finish one, the next day I do proceed to another, means the act pressure and burden are not felt that much, because it is not an overnights constitute.Each act is precious, so we should not waste any of it, as the proverb says, time is golden. Time is the most valuable one because once it has passed then, we cannot bring it back, gone is gone that is it Thence, each second and minute we should spend for good deeds as it could bring us splendid input Other than managing my time for my studies, I too need to deal well with my time to be with my family, to socialize and to just be totally sometimes. In some case where I had a lot of stuffs to be done, and at the same time I we would plan for a family gathering party.So, this is the point where I need to list my priority of which comes first and must be settled. Fam ily is also important, but compare to my study stuffs, I have to give them first priority, because almost all the time I can spend time with my family, but my assignments there is time restriction for it. Therefore I need to adhere to the deadline given. Foremost, I have to handle time wisely, where before I turn on the television or go for a play, I will finish my homework first. I have developed a schedule for my daily routines to coif sure I have time for everything I want do get done.In fact, I choose specific time slots in a week to study the subjects, to validate that I do not comfort them off. I would also fix some goals when managing my time. Instead, of I will read this whole chapter this night I will set I am going to read five at daytime and the rest five before bedtime. This method will be a fine one and give my estimate a break before I proceed to the next chapter. I al counsels try to keep my schedule flexible. When unexpected events occur, I will adjust it accordin g to the urge and revise it again. Then, I also add up and circle the total number of study hours I realistically plan to set aside daily.Sometimes, I do reward myself for using study time effectively. This way will ensure that, I really occupy the time for studying, because I know once I am done with that, I will sure get my reward This is also proven by researches, where people work better if they get an immediate gift for their effort. So in my schedule permits, I do set up a reward system. For example, I will allow myself to telephone my friend, watch my favorite motion-picture show or munch on little snacks. To guarantee that this system functions well, I do strictly fit my schedule honestly without cheating.In addition, concentration in class is really very important to achieve well grades. Since, sometimes after I reach home I feel so well-worn and lazy to revise the book, so meanwhile the teacher is teaching, I always sit in front, seldom chit chat with my buddies, focus and pay attention to her. I do that because I would remember the verbal and non verbal communication between us, the action and the questions that she asked me. Then I try to have a low-spirited flashback on what I learned on that day. I also be alert in the class, because anytime questions aptitude arise and possibilities for myself to answer it may be high too.All these scenes will be fresh in my estimation even till the last hours when I am going to sit for my exams. Is it weird? Of course not, because when I am answering my exam questions I will come to an end where I am out of idea and do not know what else to answer to solve the question. So the alternate way is reflecting back to my times in the classroom, the conversation between me and my sir, the question did rose, my answers, the diagrams on the whiteboard and also the solving method I am very sure these matters did helped me to answer because, somehow when reflecting all those things, I will come to an idea or soluti on for the questions.That is why concentration in class is very much significant. From my experience, one of the major elements of study skills which contributed to my studys success is the mind routine. What is a mind map actually? It is the whole- encephalon alternative to linear thinking and reaches out in all directions and catches thoughts from any angle by ( Michael Michalko, cracking creativity). Mind map is the ultimate organizational study tool. It is very effective for me, because by doing mind map, it is easy for me to put information into my brain which maps out my thoughts. It is very simple too.Mind map gives an overview of a huge subject to me, besides enable me to gather together large amounts of data in one place. Moreover, it boosts problem solving by allowing me to suck in new creative pathways. Fore most, it is enjoyable to be seen, read, cogitate over and remember. Mind map had helped me a lot in my studies to learn faster and more efficiently, see the whol e picture of the problem and also to remember better. These are because, mind maps use colours, curved lines, symbol, lyric poem and images according to a set of simple, basic , natural and brain- friendly rules.Colour is the leading feature in a mind map. I would start it by putting in my favorite colours and make it to appear more interesting as it also triggers my creative thinking processes. To add more, mind map includes each aspect of the left and right brains and is therefore a superb whole- brained thinking tool. This is because when I do mind maps, I do use words, logics, numbers, lists, images, dimensions, and colours too mean it has occupied fully my brain and assists to come up with new ideas and problem solving methods.If we do look deeply, everything is someway connects to everything else. This is very adjust because when I am given a complication to be solved in studies, first I would take a minute to think about the main topic I need to enquire and that will be th e center part of my mind map. For example, it allows me to focus on the topic that will be titled daily living. Next I start to add sub- branches and they will be committed to the title as leisure, diet, work, study, exercise and ideal hours.From each of the sub- branch, it will form new sub- branches. For instance, under diet, I would come up with ideas connected to it such as, vitamins, balanced meals and water for the sub- branch of study there will form new branches namely, subjects, ways to study and needs to study. Beneath needs for study, I could write again well balanced meals and also vitamins. So these both diet and study branches come to a point of sharing the same sub- branches.At here it is clearly shown that mind map helped me to demonstrate the connection between isolated pieces of information while letting me to group and regroup concepts and encouraging comparison between them. Therefore I am trying to prove that, mind maps really worked for me and made me easy to r emember facts which were useful for me when I answered questions that needed my biological knowledge. From the interconnected facts, I could concentrate more on the topic that serves to get information about it and transferred from short- term memory to a long term memory.

International business Essay Example for Free

Inter subject field business raiseGlobal or regional integrator strategy would be the dominant market player in Asia and Latin America. The aim of this strategy is to give strength the strategic relation between regions in the social political and economic sphere. It boosters in encouraging economic relations through investment which go away help in innovation, technological development, and competitiveness in the industries and it also helps the industry to become streamlined and earn moolah (Frank 2007 p98).By Asia and Latin America adopting the regional or world(prenominal) integrator strategy in demeanor line and telecommunication industries, it will lead to revival of trade in the regions or globally which will result to sustained growth, creation of jobs and elimination of poverty. regional integrator strategy leads to step-upd openness and study(ip) economic reformsIn industries used in regional simulations the better(p) strategies to use is regional or global integrator because industries in such integrations will be in a position to acquire the best technology and expertise which will help the Latin America Asia to provide competitive and quality operate in the air hose and telecom industries. For full region integration in Asia and Latin America the attach strategy to use is global integration because this will help the caller-out do sell its work globally without restriction which will help the company to have increased sales and profits.Incase of extravagantly uncertainty, the appropriate strategy to use is specialist strategy which will help Asia and Latin America to peg their airline and telecom industries in the countries that are promising and leave those with uplifted uncertainty level of performance. Regional risk of exposures There are a number of endemic risks in Latin America and Asia. Malaria is iodin of the risks which is moot out by the anopheles mosquito which mostly bites at night. It is mostly found in Ind onesia, India, some parts of southernmost Korea and some parts of China. In Latin America malaria is also an endemic risk and a major public health.It kills about one million people in a year and remains a threat to Asia and Latin America The other risk to the chokeers in Asia and Latin America is dengue which is a viral infection vector borne disease (Andrew Peter 2000 p 121). Transmission occurs in both urban and rural areas but the full(prenominal)est risk is in urban areas. Cholera is an endemic risk to both Latin America and Asia. It is caused by eating or drinking food or pissing which is contaminated somewhat risks are not common in the two regions like bird flu is a risk in Asia but not in Latin America.It is caused by influenza A virus and it is a great threat to human beings. On the other hand, yellow fever is an endemic risk in Latin America but not in Asia. It is a serious haemorrhagic disease transmitt fitted by those mosquitoes that are infected. The disease has no cure and treatment is only used for reducing the symptoms. In Latin America still Chagas disease is endemic and thirteen million people are infected. It is unremarkably transmitted by contamination of a person who has parasite feases of a triatomite bug.Global companies should address these risks and uncertainties in Latin America and Asia by making sure the travelers are given the right vaccines and repellants before they travel to these areas with these risks and uncertainties. They should also make sure that the right preventive measures are put in place to value the travelers. Travelers should be trained to observe health when they go to such areas in order to avoid the water borne diseases. Consumer markets in Asia and Latin America In Asia there is high increase in population which has resulted to increase in spending power thereof attracting many multinational corporations.On the other hand Hispanic represents the largest minority in the country but it is the fastest e thnic growing group. The purchasing power is estimated to be one consumer out of e truly eight residents and thus companies are also targeting this market (Robles, Simon Haar 2003 p 249). In Latin America high population of the young youths is also a driving force in this consumer market and it s taken as a business opportunity. In Asia youths have a high market value though they are influenced by the western media.In Latino market high population is concentrated in the urban area which makes it easy for geographical targeting. On the other hand population in Asia is spread in urban and rural areas making it hard to target a certain area. On cultural issues in Latin America people experience different levels of tensity in culture. Those with low cultural latent hostility expose themselves to non Latino things while those with high cultural tension emphasize their culture as a unique one. In Asia there is ethnic and language differences and thus marketers and media must put this i nto consideration.Asians hold to their cultural roots and so their buying behaviour is affected very much by their culture. These markets can be segmented geographically, on the basis of language segmentation and on cultural basis. Paths followed from local to regional and eventually global Companies can take different paths from localization to regionalization and in the long run to globalization. One of the paths is by being a diversified national champion, then a narrow regional integrator, high think broad regional champion and finally high focused multinational company (Frank2003 p249).The other path can be highly focused national champion, to highly focused narrow regional champion to highly focused broad regional champion and finally to highly focused global multinational company. The third path is diversified national champion to narrow region integrator to broad regional integrator and finally to diversified global integrator. The other path can be national specialists t o narrow regional specialists to broad regional specialist and finally global specialist.Factors that dictate which paths a firm is supposed to take are the maturity of the product, whether it is a weak or strong secern firm, the strength of the marketing skills and also whether the firm is highly skilled or not. The other factors that also project the regionalization and globalization of a firm include customers, regulations, infrastructure and culture. The advantages that a firm needs to develop from one level to another include, minimization of risks, innovation, making more profits and being efficient.The Latin America airline company followed the path of first being a diversified national champion, then it went to narrow regional integrator to broad regional integrator and finally to diversified global integrator. It gained high profits, became efficient and was able to adopt new skills and technology (Robles, Simon Haar 2003 p 249). The Asian airline followed the path of be ing a national specialist to narrow regional specialist then it moved to broad regional specialist and finally to global specialist. The Asian airline company gained some advantages like gaining high profits and being efficient due to specialization.

Deabte analysis Essay Example for Free

Deabte analysis EssayThe industrial Revolution occurred in Europe from 1750 to 1850. During this time thither was in addition a huge increase in illegitimacy rate, which is the number of babies being born to unmarried women. The whacking question becomes, did the industrial revolution cause a charge upual revolution or not? in that respect are many historians and people with different views about topic. At the start of the industrial revolution there were close to zero babies being born the unmarried women and by the end in 1850 there was 1 in every 3 women having babies that werent married. in that respect are two main points of view on this debate one from Edward Shorter and the other from Louise Tilly, Joan Scott, and Miriam Cohen. Historian Edward Shorter submits that the industrial revolution created many opportunities for women to work which he says direct to a rise in the illegitimacy rate. He connects this to the versed emancipation, or sexual freedom, of unmarri ed, working-class women. Historians Louise A.Tilly, Joan W. Scott, and Miriam Cohen retort that unmarried women started working during the industrial revolution to meet an scotch enquire, not to gain private freedom. They state that the rise in illegitimacy rates rose due to broken marriages and the absence of traditional contribute from family, community, and the church. With women starting to work this caused a change in peoples lifestyles. Shorter and Tilly, Scott, and Cohen both work a legitimate argument to if the industrial revolution was the cause of the sexual revolution. You raise the key issues here. It doesnt need to be this long, but thats OK.Edward Shorter agrees that women of the upper class in the nineteenth century underwent a young-bearing(prenominal) emancipation along with the slave emancipation, but he says that it doesnt account for the women with families. Young, low status women underwent a radical movement in female emancipation in the late eighteenth century because of the involvement in the economy of the commercialise place. This emancipation started with the young women of low status to older women of higher status. There were some general characteristics describing women during this time.There were many famous women making stands for womens independence and rights, that it was hard to delay the position of all women or the norms of women. One thing Shorter states is, except for the fewexceptions of famous women, most of them were subdued powerless and dependent. Female emancipation was all about becoming independent. Married women wanted household semipolitical power and a family where they have their own rights, sexual gratifications, and emotional freedom. Unmarried women started ignoring the strict views and opinions of parents and community to return their personal needs. All women started disregarding outside controls for personal freedom and sexuality for soul self-fulfillment.Up to here is satisfactory, but mor e info than necessary and not whole clear. These changes may be linked to the economic changes towards capitalism, an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is make and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations. Good.One change was that capitalism made subcultures of blue-collar people. These people began to create their own rules and standards on how to run their community. Some of the rules where sexual behavior, target family size, and new techniques for contraceptive method and abortion. The new young people were sexually active and it became a social norm to have sex before marriage. Shorter thinks that some aspect of industrialism must be held accountable for the expressly permissive sexual essence of the subcultures.Another change dealing with capitalism was the mentality of the market place. As women began working in the market place they began to bring the principles of the mark et place into other areas of their lives. Shorter believes that the labor markets were the most direct source of personal freedom. Capitalisms metal habits of maximizing ones self-interest and sacrificing community goals to get individual profit was what women learned in the market place and its what they wanted in all aspects of life including their family and their freedom.Lastly, the industrial advance along with capitalism removed many external controls upon female sexual freedom. As women were bringing home paychecks meant they contributed to the familys resources and would be entitled to a greater voice in how these resources were used. This jumper trinity to women being more equal and the premarital sex codes became more permissive as her statuswas completely dependent on the husbands.Shorter came to state that capitalism entitled a source for females to be independent and have sexual freedom. The low wage, young people started the involvement in the market economy. The pro sperous women soon followed in the nineteenth century. For unmarried women capitalism meant personal and sexual freedom. Young women were able to go against parental controls with her sexual and emotional independence because she knew the market would still hire her and give her self-sufficiency, and if needed, would move her to a town where she could work. This lead to the absence of birth control and therefore illegitimacy. You say more than necessary in the first split up of this section your explanation of the argument could be stronger.

Gulf War between Iraq and Kuwait Essay Example for Free

disjuncture fight amid Iraq and capital of Kuwait EssayThis paper that in intensively researched, will examine on the reasons that led the Gulf state of war between Iraq and Kuwait, ibn Talal Hussein Hussein war invasion to Kuwait, traffic between Kuwait and Iraq, causes and effects of the war, the characteristics of ibn Talal Hussein Hussein, and the reason why he need bullion. According to the western sources especially from the USA, Saddam Hussein, a thickening political draw, is visualised as the axis of Evil in the Middle East. . He practiced unrelenting methods of leading skills, his motivations, perceptions and decision making on behalf of the Iraqs and his country neighbors for example the Kuwaitis. He has been pursing the development of weapons of aggregated destruction, despite the UN sanctions and terrorizing his associates especially in Kuwait. This information was gathered through the following sources. Information round The Gulf Syndrome www. geocities. com Retrieved on sixth April 2009 Information about The profile of Saddam Hussein www. mideastnews. co. Retrieved on sixth April 2009, Majid K. War in the Gulf 1990-1991, Information on Persian Gulf War www. encarta. msn.com Retrieved on 6th April 2009, Jerrold M. (2002), Saddam Hussein of Iraq Apolitical Psychology profile and Information on The characteristics of Saddam Hussein www. qrmapps. com Retrieved on 6th April 2009 The historical background of Iraq and Kuwait Iraq was created infra the British rule in 1932. The formation of this state under single administration resulted to third pole power in that region leading to unstable cabal of people with collective influences that might lopsided its neighbors to the south.State of Kuwait northernmost emirate of Arabian isthmus dates its taradiddle as a take a factor geopolitical body back to the founding of Kuwait metropolis in 1710. It became independent from British. Following the 1973 oil crisis, the soaring oil prices brou ght with it extraordinary wealth to this small country. Relations between Kuwait and Iraq As Kuwait was declared a sovereign state, Iraq voiced objections to its admission to the Arab union but instead declared it an Iraq territory. In 1963 Iraq dropped the objectives and in 1980 they enjoyed close ties during war against Iran as Kuwait back up Iraq.Causes of the war The border between these two counties has been in question. Nominally, Kuwait was part of the Ottoman Empire from the eighteenth century. In 1899, it asked for and received British protection in return for autonomy in its local affairs. It was apt(p) independence in 1961 and this lead to Iraq claiming that Kuwait had been governed as part of the Ottoman province in southern Iraq and was rightfully Iraqs. It only recognized Kuwait in 1963. But since then, there have been occasional clashes between the two nations.The Iraq troops invaded Kuwait in August 2nd 1990 taking the emirates by one twenty-four hour period hea ded by the strongest leader in this region, Saddam Hussein. The 150,000 of his troops from Iraq overwhelmed the 20,000 Irans troop staking control of the capital urban center of Kuwait and then controlled the whole country. Effects of war It had a vast impact to the oil diligence and affects the future of the civilians in Iraq. This has reduced it from affluence to a third world status. This led to a macroscopic number of the US and British forces stationed in Kuwait and other gulf states as well as Turkey.There is an increasing rate of a multinational task force of warships patrols the red sea and the Persian Gulf which tries to pr reddent the illegal export of oil from Iraq. The war led to many an(prenominal) environmental hazards such as the destruction of marshes, burning of hundreds of oil wells, hence polluting the global environment. Characteristics of Saddam Hussein He is a potentate who truism Iraq as a great country and as an extension to himself. He saw himself as the successor of Nebuchadnezzar. He once said that Our nation has a message, he once proclaimed. That is why it can never be an average nation.Throughout history our nation has either soared to the heights or fallen into the abyss through the envy, conspiracy and enmity of others. He is self-focus on. He saw the Iraq treasury centered to himself. During the Gulf war, the Kuwaitis investigated on Iraqs assets by Kroll Associates, a New York firm and the detected that he had $2. 4 controlled deposits which spread among 50 banks which were controlled by Husseins family. He used to skim five percent of the Iraqs annual oil income and did business with other external firms in foreign territory.He is an steep self concept. Saddam is Iraq and Iraq is Saddam. He made sure that he built a rage of himself allover Iraq. This can be proved by his images everywhere in Iraq. His name is linked to hundreds of popular works projects. For example the Saddam lodgement companies and also the Sa ddam Line in Iraq. He named part of Kuwait to himself the moment he took over Kuwait. When he appears in public, he has created an environment where people cheer, clap, and even kiss his hand when he appears in a public gathering.He killed whoever who did not show exuberance to the great leader. He killed by imprisoning them, helicopter crashes, tortured to death, sealing their bodies to the coffins. He used a abstruse police unit to achieve his ordeals. He used his Messianic to achieve his ambition of political power. He is malevolent. He has cold canning behind his every action. His ruthlessness was found to be terrible leading to cruelty, for fun, leadership style of Vlad the Impaler. He was stupid because the boasts were proved to be hollow. His lies were proven false quicklyHis is also portrayed as the madman of the Middle East and his name means the one who confronts. He is a insane in decision making His achievements were the transformation of the country where he built ne w roads, improved housing standards food was brought to the peoples tables, cut illiteracy by 11% according to the official estimates. The heathenish aspects of Muslims were relaxed allowing women equal pay for equal work. Reasons as to why he needed money The oil money allowed him to accumulate the largest and best equipped military machine in the Arab world. most(prenominal) of them were Soviet, French and from other nations. Most of them were first rated. He had an annual budget of $12. 9 billion which was an average f $721 per Iraq citizen ye the average annual per citizen was $1950. He therefore equipped his army to distress the regional balances by ruthless mass killings, He was the veteran in army in the region. According to Jordanian newspaper ad-Dustour, Saddam awakened the disposition in every Arab soul for a glorious Arab stand, Saddam Hussein was a ruthless dictator who was used to terrorizing his neighbors and gassed his own subjects.He normally followed his mafia rul es which were not well understood by many in the world including the United States of America. He grew up as a thug and a employ gun, yet he has a soaring popularity in the Arab world. The differences between a Totalitarian and Authoritarian leader A totalitarian political power is in the hands of a few groups while the totalism refers political power is in the hands of one person. Hence Saddam Hussein can be equated to both an authoritarian leader and a totalitarian according to the definitions and his leadership skills.ReferenceInformation about The Gulf Syndrome www. geocities. com Retrieved on 6th April 2009 Information about The profile of Saddam Hussein www. mideastnews. co. Retrieved on 6th April 2009 Majid K. War in the Gulf 1990-1991. New York McMillan. Information on Persian Gulf War www. encarta. msn. com Retrieved on 6th April 2009 Jerrold M. (2002), Saddam Hussein of Iraq Apolitical Psychology profile New York Pearsons Education. Information on The characteristics of Saddam Hussein www. qrmapps. com Retrieved on 6th April 2009

Personal life and sports Essay Example for Free

Personal breeding and sports EssaySportsmanship is the character, practice, or skill of a person bear on in sports. This includes the participant, the p arents, the coaches, and all spectators. Sportsmanlike conduct includes fairness, courtesy, learning to be a good loser, being warlike without rude behavior, or experiencing any ill feelings toward the opponent. Too often in any sporting event, the single-valued function of the sport is forgotten. Winning has become overwhelmingly important to the adults involved. This attitude is inflicted on the youth. People of all ages should be allowed to fully embrace the challenge and fun of playing sports. Teaching, coaching, motivating, and producening are fine as long as the reason for the sport or activity is prioritized. The attitudes of athletes are instilled in them at a very(prenominal) young age. They reflect the motivation and goals of their parents, who sometimes push them into sports they would not normally choose for th emselves. Play is indispensable in growth and develop- ment. Children who play sports with other churlren tend to socialize and adjust better as adults. sanitary competition provides a natural, emotional outlet for children, further should not be forced or overemphasized. rival should be kept friendly with the emphasis on participation rather than the outcome of the event. Parents should not draw the child to excel, regardless of his abilities, because this takes away the fun of the sport, adds undo pressure on the participant, and produces unsportsmanlike conduct. Sportsmanship is participating in a sport, rather than performing, and realizing how you play the game is more(prenominal) important than winning. Too many coaches and parents tend to impart the reason for sports for children. They get caught up in the excitement and competitiveness.Winning is the ultimate goal, at all comprises. The cost is the effect this attitude has on the children. I have witnessed this behav ior from coaches and parents, where they have actually embarrassed and down in the mouth young players in front of their peers. The negative effect this has on the athletes is obvious. They become aggressive, sometimes withdrawn and angry, rude, and inconsiderate. Sports are not just an activity. They form a stepping stone toward the future. Sportsmanship teaches children how to interact with peers, how to relate and interact with others. Sports can teach cooperation, sharing, and compassion.At a young age participation in sports introduces players to rules, and how to incorporate them into other aspects of life. A child must realize that losing has absolutely nothing to do with self-worth, that their personal value is not measured by winning or losing, but doing the best that they can in sports and life. It is important that children and adults be part of a group to feel acceptance, without the emphasis on winning. Self-confidence does not come from winning or losing, but how the outcome is handled.If you perform to your best ability, then you have won the onlyimportant game. Sportsmanship is what the activity should be about. Coaches and parents should relax, enjoy the fact that their children are active and adjusting socially, have fun, and allow their children to have fun. They will produce healthier, happier, more secure, self-confident, and less angry, frustrated children. Sportsmanship carries into every aspect of daily life. Winning and losing is part of every day life at every age and every stage. We should learn and be taught through praise and example how to win and lose with dignity, humility, and self-respect.

Plea Bargain Essay Example for Free

Plea Bargain substantiateThe vindication buy was a prosecuting officerial tool used merely episodically before the 19th hundred (Dirk Olin, 2002) Plea negociate has assumed a signifi mucklet role in the criminal jurisprudence of the join States. A majority of criminal ends in the United States are settled by vindication talk terms rather than a conducted dialog box trial. This paper details somewhat of the basic details relating to prayer negociate in the American criminal judicial system.BackgroundA prayer lot usually implies a deal offered by a prosecutor as an incentive for the suspect to cite guilty. Plea dicker frankincense can be construed as pre-trial negotiations between the accused and the prosecution during the process of which the accused agrees to cite guilty in exchange for legitimate concessions in the fourth dimension or charges as offered by the prosecution. in that location is no specific or perfect definition of exculpation arrange ment has so far been evolved. correspond to Blacks Law Dictionary invocation negociate isthe process whereby the accused and the prosecutor in a criminal case work out a vulgarly satisfactory disposition of the case subject to act approval. It usually involves the suspects pleading guilty to a lesser offense or to barely unmatched or some of the counts of a multi-count indictment in return for a lighter sentence than that possible for the graver chargeHowever, in practice plea dicker is often considered as the mutual acknowledgement of the strengths and weaknesses of the twain the defense and prosecution sides in the midst of the tedious process of the trial of the cases and the latent outcome of the trials rather than a mutually satisfied arrangement. Plea bargain may be move at any time usually it occurs on a pre-trial stage but in some cases may be undertaken during the conduct of the trial before the verdict is rendered. There is a possibility that plea bargain may b e negotiated after a trial has firmness of purposeed in a hung jury. to a lower place such(prenominal) circumstance the parties may negotiate a plea bargain instead of going finished the process of another trial.In some common law jurisdictions like England and Wales, Victoria, Australia plea bargaining is undertaken to such an extent that the prosecutors and defense can mutually agree that the defendant impart plead guilty to certain(p) of the charges and the prosecution drops the rest of the charges. (Legal Pundits) However no bargaining can take place in reckon of the penalties that can be levied and the courts proceed to steady down the appropriate penalty in such cases.Types of Plea BargainsIf in the judicial system each case is allowed to go to trial the courts would find it difficult to try and decide on all the cases. Plea bargaining allows the prosecutor an probability to receive guilty pleas in cases which other would go to the stage of trial by the courts conce rned. There are two areas in which plea bargain negotiations can be undertaken. They are Charge Bargaining in the case of charge bargaining the defendant is allowed to plead guilty for a lesser charge by the prosecutor. Alternatively the defendant may plead guilty of only some of the charges that meet been filed against him. This type of plea bargaining is the most common type. usually the prosecutor in consideration for a plea of guilty to the committing of a lesser charge will dismiss the higher charge. For example in return accepting guilty plea for manslaughter the charges of a start degree murder may be dismissed with the approval of the court. Similarly a defendant who has been supercharged with the crime of burglary may be allowed to plead guilty of attempted burglary where the sentence may be less. article of faith Bargaining this involves the agreement for pleading guilty for the charges stated in consideration of a lighter sentence. under(a) this process the prosec ution is saved of the time and efforts to go through the process of trial and proving the case. It also provides the defendant to opt for a lighter sentence which would otherwise have been stronger if a trial is conducted and verdict given. typically all the sentence bargains are to obtain the approval of the trial settle. This type of plea bargaining is existence limited by many of the jurisdictions. Sentence bargaining usually happens in some of the high visibleness cases where the case is being followed effectively by the media and the prosecutor does not want any reduction of charges in the case.In addition to the above there can be another area of plea bargaining known as Fact Bargaining which is the least used process of negotiation with the defendant for admitting certain of the facts of the case. The defendant is given the concession that the prosecution will not bring certain other facts in to evidence if some of the other facts are confirmed by the defendant. This proc ess saves the efforts of the prosecutor the need to prove certain facts in the course of trial.Process of Plea BargainingThere are threesome requisite components which form the basis for making the plea bargains valid. They are (i) a sack of rights to the knowledge of all tough, (ii) the waiver should be a voluntary one arrived at using a process of negotiation and (iii) the posture of a factual basis which can support the charges to which the defendant has chosen to plead guilty.Plea bargaining takes place through telephonic conversations or is being attempted at the office of the prosecutor in the court room. Normally the judges do not take part in the process of plea bargaining. But in rare circumstances a judge becomes a party to the plea bargain process. Once the process of bargaining is completed it is placed on record by judge in the open court. At the time of placing the plea bargain on record it is necessary that the defendant is reach in the court.It must be far-fam ed that the prosecutor is not given the authority to compel a court to accept the plea bargain agreement entered in to by the parties. The prosecutor can only recommend the acceptance of any plea bargain and it is for the court to decide on accepting the plea bargain arrived at. The court will go through the process of satisfying itself through available proofs that the abovementioned three essential elements of plea bargain are present. Only on satisfying about the presence of these elements the court will accept the plea bargain arrangement as recommended by the prosecution.Plea bargaining cannot be considered as a simple process that can be attempted in any case. In effectively negotiating a criminal plea arrangement, the attorney must have the technical knowledge of every element of a crime or charge, an understanding of the actual or potential evidence that exists or could be developed, a technical knowledge of lesser included offenses versus separate counts or crimes, and a r ational understanding of sentencing guidelinesMerits and Demerits of Plea BargainingDespite the often pointed out criticisms there are certain intelligible merits the process of plea bargaining has. It is often the case that more than 90 percent of the criminal cases are decided on the basis of negotiated pleas. This leaves only a m earnest percentage of the criminal cases going through the process of judicial trial. It provides the judges considerable saving in time in conducting the trials as the judges already hold overcrowded dockets. Further the judges with a view to revoke overcrowding of the prisons are always in favor of negotiated plea bargains. They are receptive to the processing out of the criminals who are not likely to explicate much longer jail terms at the end of the trial.Similarly for the prosecutors since there caseload becomes lighter they can efficiently discharge their functions. The other important aspect of plea bargain is that the process assures a sure c onviction even the charges accepted are lesser than the originally stated ones. In some of the cases the prosecutors are made to spend considerable time and efforts in defending cases which finally the cases are lost as happened in the case of murder trial of O.J. Simpson.Plea bargaining enable the prosecutors to use the process to obtain damaging witness against another defendant in the case. This ensures that the prosecutor is sure of at least one conviction even if for a lesser charge and the chances of booking the second defendant also against the testimony of the first defendant obtained through plea bargain.For the defendants plea bargaining provides the opportunity to bargain for a lighter sentence on reduced charges. If the defendant is represented by a private counsel decreed by him the defendant would be able to save considerable costs on conducting the trial. This also provides the opportunity for getting a record of lesser criminal offenses against him.There are certai n drawbacks of the plea bargaining process when the police are involved in the process it may amount to coercion. When the court is involved in the process it may be considered as impartiality on the part of the court. Involving the victim in the process may involve corruption and the rejection of the guilty plea by the accused may result in more hardship to him. (Soura Subha Ghosh)US sovereign court CasesAccording to Article III naval division 2 (3) of the Constitution of the United States The trial of all crimes, except in Cases of impeachment, shall be by board However it has not been held that it is un integral to go through a process of plea bargaining to avoid the judicial trials. On the contrary there are a number of court decisions at the highest levels which have taken up the issue of plea bargaining for serious discussion and ruling. The constitutional validity of plea bargaining was addressed by the US Supreme tribunal only when the process has become an full part of the criminal judiciary. (eNotes.com)In the case of United States v capital of Mississippi (1968) the Court had raised a question on the validity of plea bargaining to the extent that whether the process has burdened the right of the defendant to go through a process of jury trial. In this case the issue was the consideration of a statute that imposed a death penalty only after a jury trial. In this case in order to avoid the death penalty the defendant continued to waive the trials and was eager to negotiate for plea bargaining for a reduction in sentence. In this case the judge noted that the statue had needlessly encouraged guilty pleas.In the case of Brady v. United States, 397 U.S. 742 (1970) the Court had noted that the plea bargaining process had benefitted both the parties to the case and had thus defended the system.The Court made it known that the remark in the Jackson case was to stress the need for the guilty pleas to be intelligent and voluntary.In Santobello v New York , 404 U.S. 260 (1971) the Court observed that the plea bargaining isan essential component of the administration of justice and thus had justified the constitutional acceptability of the plea bargaining process. The Court added that as long as it is properly administered, plea bargaining is to be encouraged.North Carolina v Alford, 400 U.S. 25 (1970) can be cited as a landmark case relating to the sphere of plea bargaining. In this case Alford pleaded guilty to a second degree murder prior to trail in the wake of the fact that otherwise he would be sentenced to death penalty on a jury trial in the presence of strong evidences. He was sentenced to 30 years imprisonment. Later on he arouseed that his plea bargain was involuntary and was motivated by the fear of death penalty.The appeal court allowed the appeal and reversed his conviction. His argument was on the basis of that the plea bargain violated the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution which states that no person shall be compe lled in a criminal case to witness against himself. However the Supreme Court held that a guilty plea representing a voluntary and intelligent choice considering the alternatives available to the defendant cannot be construed that the defendant was compelled (in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the constitution) to follow the guilty plea to avoid the possibility of death penalty. The Supreme Court ordered for the reversal of the appeal court decision and reinstated the sentence of Alford.The term Alford Plea thus has come into usage to signify those cases where the defendant tenders a guilty plea and later on denies that he has not committed any crime. There is an express prohibition of Alford Plea in certain states and some of the States allow a limited use of the plea.Breaking the Plea Bargain DealA plea bargain is regarded as a contract between the prosecutor and the defendant and as such both the parties are obligated to perform their parts of the contract without fail. The p rosecutor has the authority to revoke the plea bargain if the defendant does not carry out his part of the contract. On the other hand if the prosecutor breaks a deal with the defendant then the defendant has the right to claim for setting aside the plea. Alternatively the defendant may require the court to intervene and instruct the prosecutor to carryout the plea bargain. This may happen if the prosecutor has agreed not to authorize additional criminal charges against the defendant in return for the guilty plea, notwithstanding subsequently files the charges (Aaron Larson, 2000)